ENGLISH REFORMATION: Reformation as act of State

HENRY TUDOR VIII (1509-1547):
 marriage to Catherine of Aragon, daughter is Mary Tudor
1521 Given title of Defender of the Faith by Pope Leo X (Medici)
            for treatise against Luther defending seven Catholic sacraments
1527 Sack of Rome by German troops of Charles V (nephew of Catherine)
           Imprisonment of Pope Clement VII (Medici);
           end of divorce negotiations: Charles won't permit divorce
1529 Fall of Cardinal Thomas Wolsey Lord Chancellor, dies 1530
           New Lord Chancellor appointed: Sir Thomas More

1529-1538 Reformation Parliament: creates Anglican Church
           transition from papal to royal supremacy over
           Church of England with approval of Parliament

1532 Convocation of English clergy grants king title of
           "singular Protector, only supreme Lord and as far as the law of
           Christ allows, even supreme head of the English church and clergy"
1533 Papal excommunication of Henry after his marriage to Anne Boleyn

Thomas Cromwell: King's secretary, strongman of Reformation;

1534 Act of Supremacy: King as "supreme head" of English church
        Treason Act: death penalty for calling King a heretic
         Act of Succession: succession is established through Anne
1535 Execution of Sir Thomas More & Bishop John Fisher
1536 Act of Dissolution of Monasteries (overseen by Cromwell)

Wives: Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour (divorced, beheaded, died;
          Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, Catherine Parr ( divorced, beheaded, survived)

Religious Issues in English Reformation under Henry
Bible reading as controversial "Lutheran" act
        William Tyndale: most influential Protestant under Henry
       1526 publishes English translation of Bible; suppressed in England
           executed in exile in Antwerp by Catholics for heresy
       1541 Cranmer's "Great English Bible"- approved by Henry
       1543 Act forbids Bible reading by "women & ignorant persons"
Liturgical conformity: Cranmer's Book of Common Prayer 1549
Episcopalian church structure: Anglican church retains Bishops

EDWARD VI 1547-1553 (age 10-16) son of Jane Seymour
            acceleration of Protestant aspects of reform
1553 42 Articles: strong Calvinist influence (eg predestination)
1547 Chantries Act: confiscation of chapels, hospitals, colleges
            belonging to church; major social impact on religion life

MARIAN RESTORATION OF CATHOLICISM: MARY TUDOR (1553-58)
    Personal: daughter of Catherine of Aragon, cousin of Charles V,
   1554 married to Charles' son Phillip, future King of Spain
    Religious policy: restoration of Catholicism; problems include:
            schismatic legislation of Reformation Parliament is repealed
            papal order that monastic lands be returned to Church
            reimposition of church taxation by Rome
            religious persecution from 1555-58 ("Bloody Mary")
            Thomas Cranmer & Protestant Bishops executed;
            John Foxe's Book_of Martyrs records deaths of 300

John Knox: chaplain to Edward VI;   presbyterian church government for Scotland
           1558 First Blast of the Trumpet Against the MonstruousRegiment of Women:
            misogynist attack on Catholic Mary (but also offends Elizabeth)